MCQs PHARMACOLOGY: Pancreatic Hormones & Antidiabetic Drugs

001. Secretory products of pancreatic β-cells are: a) Glucagon, proglucagon b) Insulin, C-peptide, proinsulin, islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) c) Somatostatin d) Pancreatic polypeptide (PP)
002. Insulin is: a) A glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 6000 b) A small protein with a molecular weight of 5808 having disulphide linkage c) A fructoolygosaccharide d) A catecholamine
003. Insulin is a polypeptide hence: a) It is resistant to destruction by gastric juice b) It is destroyed by gastric juice c) It is not a polypeptide d) It is metabolized immediately by cellular enzymes
004. Bovine insulin is less antigenic than porcine. This consideration is: a) True b) False
005. Insulin causes reduction in blood sugar level by the following mechanisms, EXCEPT: a) Increased glucose uptake in the peripheral tissue b) Reduction of breakdown of glycogen c) Diminished gluconeogenesis d) Decreased glucose absorption from the gut
006. Which of the following is true for glucagon? a) Stimulates gluconeogenesis in the liver b) Stimulates the secretion of insulin by beta cells c) Inhibits glucose utilization by skeletal muscle d) Inhibits uptake of aminoacids by cells.
007. Insulin can not be administered by: a) Oral route b) Intravenous route c) Subcutaneous route d) Intramuscular route.
008. Sources of human insulin production are: a) Recombinant DNA techniques by inserting the proinsulin gene into E. coli or yeast b) Postmortem insulin extraction from human autopsy pancreas c) All of the above d) None of the above
009. The primary reason for a physician to prescribe human insulin is that: a) It has a faster onset of action than other insulins b) It has a shorter duration of action than other insulins c) It can be given to patients who have an allergy to animal insulins d) It is more effective in preventing the complications of diabetes than animal insulins
010. Correct statements about crystalline zinc (regular) insulin include all of the following, EXCEPT: a) It can serve as replacement therapy for juvenile-onset diabetes b) It can be administered intravenously c) It is a short-acting insulin d) It can be administered orally
011. Diabetic coma is treated by the administration of: a) Lente insulin b) Glucose c) Crystalline insulin d) Oral anti-diabetic drugs.
012. Sulphonylureas act by: a) Reducing the absorption of carbohydrate from the gut b) Increasing the uptake of glucose in peripheral tissues c) Reducing the hepatic gluconeogenesis d) Stimulating the beta islet cells of pancreas to produce insulin
013. Sulphonylureas are effective in totally insulin deficient patients. This consideration is: a) True b) False 014. Currently used second-generation sulfonylureas include the following, EXCEPT: a) Glyburide (Glibenclamide) b) Glipizide (Glydiazinamide) c) Glimepiride (Amaril) d) Tolbutamide (Orinase)
015. Currently used oral hypoglycemic thiazolidinediones include the following, EXCEPT a) Pioglitazone (Actos) b) Rosiglitazone (Avandia) c) Troglitazone (Rezulin) d) All of the above
016. Thiazolidinediones act by: a) Diminishing insulin resistance by increasing glucose uptake and metabolism in muscle and adipose tissues b) Reducing the absorption of carbohydrate from the gut c) Stimulating the beta islet cells of pancreas to produce insulin d) All of the above
017. Currently used alpha-glucosidase inhibitors include the following, EXCEPT: a) Pioglitazone (Actos) b) Acarbose (Precose) c) Miglitol (Glyset) d) All of the above
018. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors act by: a) Diminishing insulin resistance by increasing glucose uptake and metabolism in muscle and adipose tissues b) Competitive inhibiting of intestinal alpha-ghucosidases and modulating the postprandial digestion and absorption of starch and disaccharides c) Reducing the absorption of carbohydrate from the gut d) Stimulating the beta islet cells of pancreas to produce insulin
019. Potency of action of a) Miglitol is six times higher than that of acarbose b) Acarbose is more than that of miglitol c) Miglitol and acarbose is equal d) Oral hypoglycemic agents depend on the severity of hyperglycemia
020. Which of the following oral hypoglycaemic drugs stimulates both synthesis and release of insulin from beta islet cells: a) Glibenclamide b) Phenformin c) Buformine d) Metformin
021. Currently used oral hypoglycemic biguanides include the following, EXCEPT: a) Repaglinide (Prandin) b) Metformin c) Phenformine d) Glipizide
022. The action of insulin is potentiated by: a) Sulphonylureas b) Glucagon c) Biguanides d) None of the above
023. Duration of action of: a) Tolbutamide is more than that of chlorpropamide
b) Chlorpropamide is more than that of tolbutamide c) Tolbutamide and chlorpropamide is equal d) Oral hypoglycemic agents depend on the severity of hyperglycemia
024. Side effects of sulphonylureas are less than those of biguanides. This considerations is: a) True b) False 025. Biguanides are used in the following conditions, EXCEPT: a) As a supplement to sulphonylurea, where it is insufficient to give good results b) In over weight diabetics c) To reduce insulin requirements d) In case of hyperglycemic shock
026. Which of the following agents is/are important hormonal antagonists of insulin in the body? a) Glucagon b) Adrenal steroids c) Adrenaline d) All of the above
027. Glucagon is: a) A glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 6000 b) A peptide – identical in all mammals – consisting of a single chain of 29 amino acids c) A a fructoolygosaccharide d) A small protein with a molecular weight of 5808 having disulphide linkage
028. Which of the following statements is FALSE? a) Glucagon is synthesized in the A cells of the pancreatic islets of Langerhans. b) Glucagon is a peptide – identical in all mammals – consisting of a single chain of 29 amino acids c) Glucagon is extensively degraded in the liver and kidney as well as in plasma, and at its tissue receptor sites. d) Half-life of glucagon is between 6 and 8 hours, which is similar to that of insulin
029. Glucagon can be used in the following situations, EXCEPT: a) Severe hypoglycemia b) Severe hyperglycemia c) Endocrine diagnosis d) Beta-blocker poisoning
030. Main complications of insulin therapy include the following: a) Hypoglycemia b) Insulin allergy c) Lipodystrophy at an injection site d) All of the above